Wow! And to think, I was proud of myself for finishing a crochet afghan. Once.
For More Details
Try It Yourself
Chain several. Leave straight to work in rows, or connect into a loop. Single crochet until your patience runs out, increasing every nth stitch (add an extra sc in the same place). Experiment with different colors and patterns. This pdf will give you more ideas.
The more frequently you increase, the frillier your hyperbolic plane will be, while a less-frequent increase makes it easier for students to see the structure. Daina Taimina recommends a 12:13 ratio (increase after every 12th stitch) for classroom use.
Hat tip: 2010 MAA Found Math Gallery, Week 45, and authentic arts by jenny hoople for the pdf.
Denise Gaskins' Let's Play Math 
I really love the idea. I studied maths, and I’m always looking for something different in crochet, and that joins them. Fantastic!
One article I read recommended doing this with a fine hook and crochet thread to make earrings. Sound like fun!