The Pharaoh’s Treasure: Historical Puzzles

Eratosthenes teaching in Alexandria

When two non-mathematicians meet on the street and one says, “I’ve got problems,” the other answers, “I’m so sorry for you.”

    When two mathematicians meet and one says, “I’ve got problems,” the other says, “Oh, goody!”

    —Herta Taussig Freitag

    Whenever you get a group of mathematicians together, at least one of them will suggest a puzzle to play with. This is how mathematics grows, puzzle upon puzzle, generation after generation.

    And since human nature hasn’t changed, we know that the same thing happened in the ancient Ptolemaic Egyptian of Alexandria.

    So let’s explore a few of the math stumpers that enchanted those old Greek scholars…

    Continue reading The Pharaoh’s Treasure: Historical Puzzles

    Math Game Monday: Linear War

    Learn a new game with Math Game Monday

    This game helps players grow comfortable with all the attributes of linear graphs.

    Many parents remember struggling to learn math. We hope to provide a better experience for our children. And one of the best ways for children to enjoy learning is through hands-on play.

    So what are you waiting for? Let’s play some math!

    Linear War

    Math Concepts: coordinate graphing, linear equations, slope, intercepts.
    Players: two to four.
    Equipment: printed or homemade game cards, pencils or markers, ruler or other straightedge.

    Continue reading Math Game Monday: Linear War

    Thinking Thursday: Gian-Carlo Rota

    Thinking Thursday math journal prompt

    Writing to Learn Math: What did the author mean? Put the thought in your own words. Do you agree or disagree? Why?

    Do you want your children to develop the ability to reason creatively and figure out things on their own?

    Help kids practice slowing down and taking the time to fully comprehend a math topic or problem-solving situation with these classic tools of learning: Notice. Wonder. Create.

    Continue reading Thinking Thursday: Gian-Carlo Rota

    How to Teach Math: 3 Goals for This Homeschool Year

    Young girl studying

    “It is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.”

    —Albert Einstein

    Whenever a new set of test results comes in, society goes through a new cycle of hand- wringing and blame-casting. The most current PISA results are no different. The best analysis I’ve seen: The Sky Is Always Falling by Bill McCallum.

    Rather than join that fray, let’s step back and ask a bigger question: What do we want for our children?

    Why do we school our kids? What does it mean to be “educated”? And in particular, why do we teach math? What do we hope to achieve?

    We can’t think rationally about how to teach until we are clear about our goals.

    What’s Your Priority?

    • Do you want to produce good test-takers, children who know how to follow instructions and work efficiently?
    • Or do you care less about efficiency and more about curiosity? Do you want students who enjoy wondering about concepts and are eager to learn more?
    • Or maybe you want problem-solvers, students who can step into an unfamiliar situation and figure it out?

    Can we choose option D, all of the above? Is it possible to work toward all these goals at once, to build solid knowledge and teach mathematical skills while at the same time encouraging curiosity and developing flexible thinking?

    Like a toddler throwing a tantrum, I want it all, and I want it right now.

    I don’t know how to solve the problems of classroom schooling, but here’s some advice for my fellow home schoolers.

    This school year…

    (1) Build Problem-Solving Skills

    Whatever math curriculum you use, focus math lessons on your child’s own thinking.

    Rather than telling them what to do, ask about what they know. Help children find a way to use what they’ve already learned to reason about the new topic.

    Consider doing your math lessons buddy-style:

    And when your children get stuck, follow the tips in my “If Not Methods” blog series:

    (2) Practice for Fluency

    Reinforce learning with creative practice.

    Don’t just memorize facts, but use them in a variety of ways. Build mental math skills by playing math games, especially games that require strategic use of math skills.

    Check out my blog for ideas:

    (3) Explore Non-Textbook Math

    Encourage curiosity through puzzles, enrichment activities, reading good books, playing with math art, and journaling.

    For example:

    • Learning Math with Puzzles
      As stories are to history or science, puzzles are to math.
    • Make Your Own Nim Games
      Mathematicians enjoy studying patterns, whether they are patterns within our system of numbers or patterns of shapes or of abstract ideas.
    • Living Books for Math
      Here are a few of my favorite books of playful, living math, both old and new.
    • Discover Math in Art
      Art lets children experiment with lines, curves, shapes and symmetries, exploring a wide range of mathematical structures and relationships.
    • The Creative Way To Help Your Kids Learn Math
      When you embrace this adventure of learning math through playful exploration, you’ll be surprised how much fun thinking hard can be.

    “How to Teach Math” copyright © 2026 by Denise Gaskins. Image at the top of the blog copyright © Wavebreakmedia / Depositphotos.

    Are you looking for more creative ways to play math with your kids? Check out all my books, printable activities, and cool mathy merch at Denise Gaskins’ Playful Math Store. Or join my free email newsletter on Substack.

    This blog is reader-supported. If you’d like to help fund the blog on an ongoing basis, then please join me on Patreon (or choose the paid level on Substack) for mathy inspiration, tips, and an ever-growing archive of printable activities.

    Math Game Monday: How Close to 100?

    Learn a new game with Math Game Monday

    This game reinforces the most important model for understanding numerical and algebraic multiplication.

    Many parents remember struggling to learn math. We hope to provide a better experience for our children. And one of the best ways for children to enjoy learning is through hands-on play.

    So what are you waiting for? Let’s play some math!

    How Close to 100?

    Math Concepts: area model for multiplication.

    Players: two or three.

    Equipment: blank hundred chart or graph paper, two six-sided dice, pencil or marker.

    Continue reading Math Game Monday: How Close to 100?

    Thinking Thursday: Make a Million

    Thinking Thursday math journal prompt

    Writing to Learn Math: Number play doesn’t have to follow school math methods.

    Do you want your children to develop the ability to reason creatively and figure out things on their own?

    Help kids practice slowing down and taking the time to fully comprehend a math topic or problem-solving situation with these classic tools of learning: Notice. Wonder. Create.

    Continue reading Thinking Thursday: Make a Million

    The Pharaoh’s Treasure: Historical Tidbits

    archeology site beside Egyptian pyramids

    “In most sciences, one generation tears down what another has built, and what one has established another undoes. In mathematics alone, each generation adds a new story to the old structure.”

    —Hermann Hankel

    In my old snail-mail Mathematical Adventures newsletter, I used to squeeze bits and snippets into the margins. Quotations, historical tidbits, and small puzzles tangentially related to the main story.

    These marginal notes were not simply decoration. Rather, they served the same purpose as the small bumps on a Lego brick, connections on which to build a greater understanding of the world of math.

    Thinking about how other people have explored the world of mathematics in the past can offer us new ways of looking at, the things we’re learning today.

    Besides, math history is just plain interesting. After all, it’s the story of people just like us, people who wondered, fought, loved, grieved, and lived rich lives—and who played around with math puzzles that we can still enjoy today.

    The internet flows like water, however, adjusting content to fit your screen size, which means it doesn’t really have margins to fill. But that’s fine, because it lets me expand the tidbits into a post of their own and include links for further research. You can enjoy my bits and bobs, and then click through to explore on your own.

    So let’s turn the clock back a couple thousand years and see what we can find…

    Continue reading The Pharaoh’s Treasure: Historical Tidbits

    Math Game Monday: Push the Penny

    Learn a new game with Math Game Monday

    This game offers young children a chance to practice counting and early addition skills while racing to beat their parents.

    Many parents remember struggling to learn math. We hope to provide a better experience for our children. And one of the best ways for children to enjoy learning is through hands-on play.

    So what are you waiting for? Let’s play some math!

    Push the Penny

    Math Concepts: addition to one hundred, thinking ahead.

    Players: two or more.

    Equipment: playing cards (remove face cards and jokers), a hundred chart, and a penny or other small token.

    Continue reading Math Game Monday: Push the Penny

    Thinking Thursday: Linear Crossings

    Thinking Thursday math journal prompt

    Writing to Learn Math: People learn math by playing with ideas. A math journal can be like a science lab book.

    Do you want your children to develop the ability to reason creatively and figure out things on their own?

    Help kids practice slowing down and taking the time to fully comprehend a math topic or problem-solving situation with these classic tools of learning: Notice. Wonder. Create.

    Continue reading Thinking Thursday: Linear Crossings

    The Science of Learning 2: Practice

    boy learning to ride a bike

    We’ve been looking at Deans for Impact’s white paper, “The Science of Learning,” which summarizes cognitive science research and its implications for teachers (and homeschoolers). The paper poses six key questions that help us to apply the principles of science in teaching our children.

    This week, let’s explore how students learn and retain new information.

    Because if we want our children to be able use what we teach them, the first step is to help them remember it.

    Continue reading The Science of Learning 2: Practice